A double‐mode cell to measure pitting and crevice corrosion

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion of passivated steels were measured by using a double‐mode syringe electrolyte cell built on an environment chamber. The setup, when set in noncontact mode, could measure pitting potentials and critical temperatures, and crevice corrosion potentials if in contact mode. It could be employed to distinguish the pitting and crevice corrosion damage of reinforcing steel in concrete.     

Investigation of the relationship between intergranular corrosion and retrogression and reaging in the AA6063

AA6063 was heat treated with different retrogression temperatures and durations, and the effect of heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, hardness, electrical conductivity, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and electrochemical corrosion behaviours of the AA6063 was determined compared with the T6 condition. The IGC test was applied according to the BS EN ISO 11846: 2008 standard. Moreover, potentiodynamic polarization tests were applied to determine the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of the heat‐treated samples. Electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out by using a Ivium Compactstat potentiostat in 3.5 wt.%. NaCl solution at 24°C with a scanning rate of 0.5 mV/s. The corrosion test cell consisted of the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl), working electrode (test sample) and a reference electrode (platinum). The effect of IGC on the microstructure of AA6063 and corrosion depth values was investigated by using a stereo optical microscope and a light metal microscope, respectively. Corrosion depth examinations were performed on microstructures taken from the cross‐sections of the samples. The chemistry of the precipitates formed at grain boundaries and distribution of the precipitates in the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray and transmission electron microscope analyses. The results showed that retrogression and reaging heat treatment improves both the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties of AA6063. After 50°C/15 min RRA heat treatment, the highest corrosion resistance and a higher hardness value than the T6 level were obtained.     

Al-Ga-Mn-Ca-Cu合金电极碱性体系电化学性能

通过熔铸、压延、退火等一系列工艺制作了新型Al-0.017Ga-0.885Mn-0.038Ca-0.048Cu (wt.%)阳极合金，并通过了EIS、极化曲线分析研究了其在不同浓度NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为和电化学性能。结果表明，随着NaOH浓度的增加，合金阳极的自腐蚀速率在逐渐增加，Al-0.017Ga-0.885Mn-0.038Ca-0.048Cu合金在4mol/LNaOH溶液中的腐蚀速率增长速度明显降低，放电电压在电流密度为120mA/cm2下仍能维持在1 V左右，阳极能量密度也最高，达6.056kW?h/kg，更适合不同电流密度下的连续恒流放电。且合金的恒流放电和EIS结果与腐蚀特性吻合较好。     

基于镧锶锰氧化物基阴极的中温固体氧化物燃料电池的性能优化研究

为了提高基于镧锶锰氧化物(LaxSr1-xMnO3,LSM)阴极的中温固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,SOFC)的电化学性能,文章利用CuO清扫Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ(SDC)晶界的SiO2杂质以提高SDC的离子电导率,制备了复合电解质材料SDC-CuO,并将SDC-CuO和LSM结合成复合阴极材料,随后分别制备了以LSM和LSM/SDC-CuO作为阴极的SOFC,并研究了这两种SOFC的电化学性能。研究结果表明:在开路电压和工作温度为800℃的条件下,LSM/SDC-CuO基阴极的SOFC的极化电阻为0.14Ω·cm2,明显低于LSM基阴极SOFC的极化电阻(0.36Ω·cm2);LSM/SDC-CuO基阴极的SOFC的最大输出功率密度为237 mW/cm2,显著高于LSM基阴极的SOFC的最大输出功率密度(132 mW/cm2)。     

石墨烯负载纳米二硫化钴的制备及其在锂离子电池方面的应用研究

采用二次水热法将纳米二硫化钴负载于石墨烯上,并通过结构表征和电化学性能测试,探讨了纳米二硫化钴/石墨烯材料作为锂离子电池负极的性能。电容量测试结果表明：在电流密度为100 mA/g条件下,二硫化钴/石墨烯复合材料的首周充放电容量分别为1 610 mA·h/g和774 mA·h/g,测算出的库伦效率为48.1%;循环性能测试结果表明：经过50次循环测算后的复合材料的放电比容量为302 mA·h/g,容量保持率为33.4%;倍率性能测试结果表明：当电流密度回复到100 mA/g时,复合材料的比容量恢复至550 mA·h/g。实验制备的纳米二硫化钴/石墨烯复合材料在锂电池负极的应用上表现出了优异的循环性能和倍率性能。     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage performance of as-cast and as-spun RE-Mg-Ni-Co-Al-based alloys applied to Ni/MH battery

The La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al-based AB₂-type La_0.8–xCe_0.2Y_xMgNi_3.4Co_0.4Al_0.1 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) alloys were prepared via melt spinning. The analyses of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that the experimental alloys contain the main phase LaMgNi₄ and the second phase LaNi₅. Increasing Y content and spinning rate lead to grain refinement and obvious change of the phase abundance without changing phase composition. Y substitution for La and melt spinning make the life-span of the alloys improved remarkably, which is attributed to the improvement of anti-oxidation, anti-pulverization and anti-corrosion abilities. In addition, the discharge capacity visibly decreases with increasing the Y content, while it firstly increases and then decreases with increasing spinning rate. The electrochemical kinetics increases to the optimum performance and then reduces with increasing spinning rate. Moreover, all the alloys achieve to the highest discharge capacities just at the initial cycle without activation.     

Theoretical and experimental studies of a new aniline derivative corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium

4-Chloro-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline (CPYA) was synthesized by a simple and inexpensive method and tested as a corrosion inhibitor in acid medium for mild steel by using gravimetric studies and electrochemical measurements. An average maximum efficiency of 96.0% was achieved at 4.59 mmol/L. Corrosion kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also analyzed. Surface analyses (atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) show that protection is enabled by adsorption on the metal, forming a film. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to access information regarding the molecular structure in the corrosive medium and to support interpretation of the results obtained by experimental methods.     

Corrosion behaviour and mechanism of 6082 aluminium alloy in NaCl and Na2SO4 etchants

The corrosion behaviour of 6082 aluminium alloy was studied by measuring the electrochemical impedance spectra and electrode polarization curves. After the electrochemical tests, a microstructural analysis of the samples was conducted by using optical microscopy and electron scanning microscopy techniques to determine the corrosion mechanism. The results show that the Nyquist plot of the electrochemical impedance data in the NaCl solution consists of high- and low-frequency capacitive impedance loops. When ions are added to the NaCl etchant, the Nyquist plots of the electrochemical impedance data are composed of two different curves: a high-frequency capacitive impedance loop and a low-frequency inductive impedance loop. The corrosion current density increases with increasing concentration, and as a result, the corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy decreases. The microstructures of 6082 aluminium alloy consist of Mg₂Si secondary particles in a large α-Al matrix. Pitting corrosion initially occurs at the boundary between the matrix and secondary particles because the electrode potentials of the matrix and secondary particles are different. Then, corrosion paths develop along the network-like grain boundaries, and finally, massive network-like corrosion occurs throughout the entire alloy.     

Microstructure and corrosion behaviors of FeCrNiBSiMox stainless steel fabricated by laser melting deposition

In this paper, FeCrNiBSiMo_x (x = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) stainless steels were successfully prepared using a laser melting deposition technology, with the aim to investigate the effect of Mo content on microstructure and corrosion behaviors. The results showed that the as-deposited specimens were composed mostly of α-Fe and a small amount of (Cr, Mo)₇C₃, and (Cr, Mo)₇C₃ existed in the inter-dendritic (ID) region. As the Mo content increased, grain refinement could be clearly observed, and the area of the ID region increased from 27% to 54%. The low-angle boundaries accounted for 60–70% of the grain boundaries of the as-deposited specimens. Increasing the content of Mo improved the microhardness of the as-deposited specimens from 652 HV to 813 HV. The corrosion current density of the as-deposited specimens with the Mo mass fractions of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% were 1.37 × 10⁻⁶, 1.02 × 10⁻⁷, 6.19 × 10⁻⁷, and 3.06 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm², respectively. The as-deposited specimen with Mo content of 1.5% had lower cumulative erosion loss and erosion loss rate than other as-deposited specimens. The FeCrNiBSiMo_x (x = 1.5) specimen exhibited excellent resistance to electrochemical corrosion and cavitation erosion.     

膨胀机主轴缝隙腐蚀的电化学分析

为探究膨胀机主轴的缝隙腐蚀行为,搭建了模拟缝隙腐蚀实验装置。通过电化学测试,确定了不同缝隙位置处的自腐蚀电位随时间的变化规律,并揭示了缝隙内腐蚀反应的发展过程。结果表明:缝隙内腐蚀反应经历双电层形成-氧浓差电池形成-金属水解三个反应过程。在富氧条件下,腐蚀产物的主要成分为Fe(OH)2。随着氧气的耗尽,氧浓差电池形成,腐蚀产物逐渐向FeOOH和Fe3O4转变。